A 2-opioid receptor inverse agonist (Ki 0.013 nM in CHO-DG44 cells expressing the mouse receptor) selective for 2-opioid receptors over K- and -opioid receptors (Kis 13 and 12 nM in PC12 and COS-7 cells expressing the mouse and rat receptors respectively) induces axonal retraction in primary mouse hippocampal neurons under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions at 1 and 10 UM an activator of TRPM7 induces calcium influx in HEK293 cells expressing mouse TRPM7 (EC50 20.7 UM) reduces self-administration of alcohol or alcohol mixed with saccharin or quinine in alcohol-preferring rats at 6 mg/kg